Final answer:
The objective of the inquiry into terms such as right, good, virtue, and justice in ethics and morality is to understand the foundational questions in metaethics. It evaluates whether these concepts have objective meanings grounded in human nature and fulfilling a purpose, or if they are subjective, varying with individual or cultural differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Purpose of Inquiry into Ethical Terms
The purpose of the inquiry that attempts to determine the meaning of terms such as right, good, virtue, and justice in the context of ethics and morality is to explore foundational questions in metaethics. This branch of philosophy delves into the assumptions underlying moral beliefs and practices. It seeks to understand issues such as the origins of moral values, the nature of moral statements, and whether objective moral facts exist. Such an inquiry can examine whether terms like 'good' or 'right' have objective meanings based on a goal or purpose—known as telos—that can be fulfilled by certain actions, or whether they are subject to personal or cultural perspectives. This exploration leads to a deeper comprehension of moral reasoning and the principles guiding ethical behavior.
Objective Morality and Ethical Naturalism
Some philosophers argue that there is an essential link between telos and objective morality, suggesting that actions which fulfill a certain purpose or end goal are indeed considered good. This perspective, often associated with ethical naturalism, posits that moral values are based on natural facts and contributes to human flourishing. Such a view points to an objective standard where morality is not merely a product of subjective opinions or emotions but is connected to the nature of human beings and what is necessary for their well-being.
Virtue and Motivation in Ethical Theory
Alternately, other ethical theories focus on the self, contemplating questions about how individuals discern right from wrong. These theories often suggest that an individual's conscience and inherent virtues play a significant role, potentially shaped by biological, social, or psychological factors. The drive to understand where one's inner sense of morality stems from is pivotal in grasping the subjective components of ethics and morality.