Final answer:
The described government is an unlimited one, where a person or small group has control without election or legal protection of citizens' rights, contrasting with democratic or republican governments where officials are elected and citizens' rights are protected.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics given describe an unlimited government, where control is held by a person or small group that is not elected and where there are no legal protections of citizens' rights. Examples of unlimited governments include absolute monarchies and authoritarian regimes. The officials are appointed, often without input from the general population, and there can be either no rules safeguarding citizens or the rules that exist are not enforced. Citizens often experience restricted freedoms under such governments, and their lives can be heavily controlled by the governing power.
The government described in the question differs significantly from a democratic government, which typically ensures the protection of citizens' basic rights and operates on the principle of elected officials. Similarly, it is not a republic or representative democracy, where governmental power comes from the people through the election of officials. The description also does not match a limited government, where there are constraints on the power of the government, often through a constitution and a system of checks and balances, like the United States, which operates as a representative democracy sometimes also called a republic.