Final answer:
The painting added for Pope Paul III in the Sistine Chapel is The Last Judgment, a fresco by Michelangelo completed between 1534-1541 on the altar wall, representing the second coming of Christ in the Mannerist style.
Step-by-step explanation:
The painting added for Pope Paul III in the Sistine Chapel is C) The Last Judgment. This fresco by Michelangelo was commissioned by Pope Clement VII and completed for Pope Paul III. Work on this masterpiece commenced in 1534 and concluded in 1541. The Last Judgment is found on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel and is an iconic piece from the High Renaissance transitioning into the Mannerist style. It features a powerful depiction of the second coming of Christ and the apocalypse, where souls are judged and assigned to their eternal fates. Michelangelo's The Last Judgment faced criticism from the Counter-Reformation for its nudity and classical imagery, which were later partially covered, but it remains a work celebrated for its artistic genius.