Question

Define observation and inference. Provide an example of each.

a. Observation is making a guess based on available evidence, and inference is the collection of data through sensory perception. Example: Seeing dark clouds in the sky and inferring that it might rain.
b. Observation is the collection of data through sensory perception, and inference is a scientific statement that cannot be observed. Example: Measuring the temperature and inferring that it's cold outside.
c. Observation is the collection of data through sensory perception, and inference is making a guess based on available evidence. Example: Seeing a red traffic light and inferring that it's time to stop.
d. Observation is making a guess based on available evidence, and inference is a statement of fact that can be proven. Example: Observing a cracked vase and inferring that it was dropped.

Answer 1

An observation involves using the senses to gather data, while an inference is a conclusion drawn from these observations. Observations can lead to hypotheses, which are then tested to confirm or refute the inferences made.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct definition of observation and inference is that an observation is the collection of data through sensory perception, while an inference is making a guess or conclusion based on the available evidence. For example, if you see a student wearing heavy clothing and shivering (observation), you might infer that the classroom is cold. Similarly, if you see dark clouds in the sky (observation), you could infer that it might rain soon.

Scientific inquiry often starts with an observation, which is something noticed using the senses. Then a hypothesis or an inference might be made based on this observation. A hypothesis proposes a tentative explanation and can be tested through experimentation. Once data have been collected through observation and experiments, scientists can make inferences about their hypotheses, drawing conclusions from the evidence.