Final answer:
The exposition introduces the setting, characters, and initial conflict or theme, with option (a) correctly identifying these elements by describing Jonathan's situation in his new neighborhood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The exposition of a story serves to introduce the reader to the setting, characters, and the initial hints of conflict and theme. In the context of the options provided, the answer that most closely aligns with the exposition is option (a), where it is stated, "We learn that Jonathan is bored because he doesn't have any friends in his new neighborhood." This scenario sets up the background information about the protagonist's situation, which is essential for understanding the forthcoming plot and potential conflicts.
Option (a) specifically informs us about Jonathan's emotional state and the circumstances of his life that would lead to further development in the story. This includes details such as his boredom, lack of friends, and the fact that he is in a new neighborhood, hinting at possible struggles with isolation or the challenge of making new acquaintances. These details are foundational to the narrative, serving to orient readers in the story's world and to anticipate the kinds of conflicts and themes that may arise as the plot unfolds.