Final answer:
The manager failed to apply the basic concepts of Expectancy Theory if individual performance cannot be evaluated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is a) individual performance cannot be evaluated.
Expectancy Theory is a motivation theory that suggests that people are motivated to act in a certain way based on their expectation of the outcome. According to this theory, three key factors contribute to motivation: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
In the context of a manager applying the basic concepts of Expectancy Theory, if the manager fails to evaluate individual performance, it would indicate a failure to apply the concept of expectancy. Expectancy represents the belief that effort leads to performance. By not evaluating individual performance, the manager fails to assess the connection between effort and performance, which is a fundamental aspect of Expectancy Theory.