Final answer:
Utilitarianism is a moral theory that focuses on maximizing overall happiness, while a moral dilemma is a situation where conflicting moral choices are present. An allegory is a narrative or artistic work that uses symbols to convey deeper meanings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is a moral theory that states the right action is the one that produces the most overall happiness or utility. It believes that an action should be evaluated based on the amount of happiness or pleasure it brings to the majority of people. For example, if a company chooses to reduce pollution in its manufacturing process to promote the well-being of the community, it is employing utilitarianism.
Moral Dilemma: A moral dilemma refers to a situation where a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations or choices. It is a difficult decision-making scenario where it is challenging to determine the morally right course of action. For instance, if a doctor has limited resources and needs to decide which patient to prioritize for treatment, it presents a moral dilemma.
Allegory: An allegory is a narrative or artistic work that uses symbols or metaphors to convey deeper meanings or moral lessons. It often represents abstract ideas or concepts through characters, events, or objects. For example, George Orwell's novel 'Animal Farm' is an allegory that uses animals to represent figures and events in the Russian Revolution.