Final answer:
Alchemists' use of symbols over names allowed for universal communication regardless of language, but could be abstract and require learning. Modern chemistry has standardized these symbols, which helps with global understanding of chemical compounds and reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The advantages of alchemists using symbols instead of names for elements include the ease of international communication, as symbols are language-independent. This universality simplifies the sharing of knowledge across different regions and languages. For instance, a symbol like Ag for silver, derived from the Latin name argentum, is recognized worldwide and not limited by the language barriers that names might encounter.
However, there are disadvantages too. Symbols can be abstract and may require learning and memorization, which can be challenging for novices. Without proper instruction, the meaning behind symbols such as Na for sodium (from Latin natium) may not be immediately apparent, leading to confusion. Additionally, as alchemy gave way to modern chemistry, the system of denoting elements by symbols became more systematized.
In modern chemistry, the symbols for elements like C for carbon, N for nitrogen indeed stem from their English or non-English names, with the first letter capitalized and, if necessary, a second letter in lowercase, such as Al for aluminum and Ca for calcium. This convention helps standardize chemical formulas and eases the understanding of chemical compounds and reactions globally.