Final answer:
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the motion of particles caused by temperature differences, involving the macroscopic movement of a fluid. This differs from conduction, which is heat transfer through direct contact, and radiation, which is energy transfer through electromagnetic waves. Hence, the correct answer for the given question among the options is B) Convection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transfer of thermal energy through the motion of particles caused by temperature differences is known as convection. This process involves the macroscopic movement of a fluid (such as air or liquid) and is observed in natural phenomena as well as in heating systems. For example, in a forced-air furnace or in weather systems, warmer air rises due to its lower density while cooler air sinks, establishing a cycle that redistributes heat. This is different from conduction, which is heat transfer through direct physical contact, and radiation, which is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B) Convection.