Final answer:
The high energy of electrons in organic compounds is primarily achieved through photosynthesis, where sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll to excite electrons that eventually go on to form carbohydrate molecules.
Step-by-step explanation:
The electrons of organic compounds attain high energy primarily through photosynthesis. In this biological process, chlorophyll molecules present in plants absorb sunlight, subsequently exciting the electrons to higher energy levels. These high-energy electrons are then used in various cellular processes, including the synthesis of carbohydrates. The energy encapsulated within the covalent bonds of these carbohydrates is derived from the energy of sunlight and can be accessed by living organisms through cellular respiration or direct consumption of plant matter.
Additionally, the molecule NADPH acts as a short-term energy carrier, holding onto the chemical energy from excited electrons to assist in building sugars. Collectively, photosynthesis and cellular respiration represent a harmonious cycle that sustains life on Earth by capturing energy from the sun and transforming it into a form usable by all organisms.