Final answer:
The incorrect statement about chord inversion is that root position triads have the root at the top. The root is actually at the bottom in root position, and inversions change the bass note, not necessarily the top note.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is not true about chord inversion is A) Root position triads show the root at the top of the triad. A root position triad actually has the root note as the lowest note, not the highest. Therefore, the root is at the bottom of the chord structure when it's in root position. Inversions occur when notes other than the root become the lowest note in the chord.
Option B is correct, as the second inversion is indeed the highest inversion a triad can have—the triad's fifth is in the bass for the second inversion. Option C is also correct, as seventh chords have one root position and three inversions, with each higher inversion having the next note in the chord structure as the bass note. Option D is true because chord inversion involves moving the lowest note to an octave above, not necessarily the top, but it changes the note that is in the bass position.