Final answer:
The Sun transfers heat to Earth through radiation, which is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, specifically including infrared radiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sun transfers heat to Earth primarily through electromagnetic waves. This process is known as radiation, which is one of the three fundamental methods of heat transfer, alongside convection and conduction. Since the space between the Sun and Earth is a vacuum with no medium for heat to travel by conduction or by convection currents, radiation is the method by which energy is carried across this vast distance. The heat we feel from the Sun arrives in the form of electromagnetic waves, which include infrared radiation that we experience as warmth. This is also why we can feel the heat from an oven without touching it or seeing inside.