Final answer:
The term that corresponds to the three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA that specify amino acids during the translation process is referred to as a 'codon sequence' which is essential for protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
The provided DNA and mRNA sequences relate to the process of protein synthesis, which includes the steps of transcription and translation according to the genetic code. During transcription, the DNA sequence is converted into an mRNA sequence using the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U) in RNA.
During translation, the mRNA sequence dictates the amino acid sequence of a protein with each three-nucleotide code, known as a codon, corresponding to a specific amino acid.
Looking at the options provided in the question, option C) Codon sequence is a correct term as it references the three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA that corresponds to specific amino acids, which is a critical aspect of the translation process. While the other options are relevant to genetics, they do not directly answer the question at hand, which pertains to the transformation of mRNA into amino acids and, subsequently, proteins.