Final answer:
During the Roman rule, it was China that made remarkable scientific advancements. They constructed the Great Wall and the Silk Road, and led the world in various scientific fields, including the development of the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Roman rule, the nation that made significant scientific strides was China. While the Roman Empire excelled in engineering and architecture, creating iconic infrastructures like aqueducts and coliseums, China was advancing in various scientific domains. Under the Han Dynasty, China embarked on large public works, including the construction of the basis of the Great Wall, and established the Silk Road, facilitating trade with Europe and influencing economies and cultures globally.
Apart from these monumental constructions, China led the world in the production of iron, copper, and porcelain, and it made groundbreaking contributions with the Four Great Inventions: the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing. These inventions not only revolutionized Chinese society but had a profound impact on the rest of the world as well. Hence, despite the Roman Empire's vast influence, China concurrently saw an era of immense scientific and technological progress.