Final answer:
Factors like fear of retaliation may discourage a person from speaking against discrimination, while strong social support and personal beliefs can encourage speaking out. Societal norms and market forces can play significant roles in how discrimination is addressed in the workplace.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several factors can either encourage or discourage a person to speak up against discrimination. Fear of retaliation can discourage people, as they may worry about negative consequences to their actions. However, strong social support, as shown in studies such as Ajrouch, Reisine, Lim, Sohn, & Ismail (2010), highlights that support from friends and family can reduce the psychological distress associated with discrimination and may embolden individuals to speak out. Personal values and beliefs also play a crucial role; if someone's personal ethos is strongly opposed to unfair treatment, they may be more likely to take a stand. Lastly, Gary Becker's work on discrimination in markets demonstrates that discriminatory practices can persist due to societal norms and pressures, indicating that external economic factors can both discourage and encourage businesses to address discriminatory practices.