Final answer:
The example 'I got a flu shot this year and then I got the flu. Clearly, the shot made me sick,' represents a Causal or False Cause fallacy, incorrectly linking the flu shot as the cause of getting the flu.
Step-by-step explanation:
The logical fallacy described in the example is an instance of a Causal fallacy, specifically a False Cause fallacy. This type of fallacy occurs when a causal relationship is incorrectly assumed between two events just because they occur in sequence. The correct belief should not be that just because the flu followed the shot, the shot caused the flu. The statement disregards other factors that could have caused the flu, such as being exposed to the virus after vaccination but before immunity could develop, or the possibility of the shot targeting a different flu strain.