Question

Match each country with the leader of its independence movement.

Simón Bolívar
Bernardo O’Higgins
Dom Pedro
José Maria Morelos
Which leader is associated with Mexico?
A) Simón Bolívar
B) Bernardo O’Higgins
C) Dom Pedro
D) José Maria Morelos

Answer 1

José Maria Morelos is associated with Mexico's independence movement.

Step-by-step explanation:

The leader associated with Mexico's independence movement is José Maria Morelos. Morelos took over the insurrection after Miguel Hidalgo and convened a Congress in 1813 that declared Mexico's independence and wrote a constitution for the country. Morelos fought for political and social change, including the abolition of slavery and land reform.

The Mexican War of Independence was a revolution that took place between 1810 and 1821, resulting in Mexico gaining its independence from Spanish colonial rule. Several factors contributed to the outbreak of the independence movement, including social, economic, and political issues.

The catalyst for the war was the Grito de Dolores, a call for rebellion issued by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, on the night of September 15, 1810. This event marked the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. Hidalgo, along with other leaders such as José María Morelos, José María Teclo Morelos y Pavón, Vicente Guerrero, and Agustín de Iturbide, played significant roles in the struggle for independence.

The movement faced internal divisions and external pressures, including intervention by European powers, particularly Spain. Over the course of the conflict, there were periods of intense fighting, negotiations, and shifting alliances. The movement gained momentum, and the tide began to turn in favor of the independence forces.

In 1820, political changes in Spain, including the liberalization of the Spanish Constitution, influenced the course of events. The Spanish monarchy was weakened, and negotiations between the Mexican independence movement and Spanish authorities led to the signing of the Plan of Iguala in 1821. This plan outlined the terms for Mexican independence, establishing Mexico as an independent nation.

On September 27, 1821, the Mexican War of Independence officially concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba. Mexico became an independent empire, and Agustín de Iturbide was declared Emperor Agustín I. However, Iturbide's reign was short-lived, as he faced opposition, and the country eventually transitioned to a republic.

The path to stability and the establishment of a functioning republic in Mexico was marked by further political and social challenges, including conflicts over governance and issues related to land and indigenous rights. Nevertheless, the Mexican War of Independence is a crucial chapter in Mexico's history, shaping its national identity and setting the stage for subsequent political and social developments.

Answer 2

The leader associated with Mexico in the context of its independence movement is D) José Maria Morelos.

Step-by-step explanation:

José Maria Morelos played a crucial role in Mexico's struggle for independence. He was a key leader in the Mexican War of Independence, fighting against Spanish colonial rule. Morelos, a priest, led the insurgent forces and advocated for social and economic reforms along with independence. His leadership and military prowess significantly contributed to Mexico's fight for autonomy.

Simón Bolívar was a leader in the South American independence movement, known for his role in the liberation of several South American countries. Bernardo O’Higgins was a leader in the Chilean War of Independence, contributing to Chile's freedom from Spanish rule. Dom Pedro was associated with Brazil's independence movement, leading to the establishment of the Empire of Brazil.

In summary, each leader is associated with a specific country in the broader context of the Latin American independence movements. Recognizing their distinct roles is essential in understanding the diverse struggles for independence in the region during the 19th century.