Final answer:
The correct statement describing the arrangement of water molecules in different states of matter is D) In ice, the molecules are closely compact. This structure is less dense than liquid water which allows ice to float. Conversely, in the gas state, water vapor molecules are not closely compact but widely spread out.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that correctly describes the arrangement of water molecules in different states of matter is "D) In ice, the molecules are closely compact." This is because in the solid state, such as ice, water molecules are arranged in a rigid, lattice-like structure with hydrogen bonds that create an open hexagonal framework. This structure, due to its openness, is actually less dense than that of liquid water, allowing ice to float on water. In contrast, in the liquid state, water molecules are more closely packed, with short-lived hydrogen bonds that continually break and re-form as the molecules move past each other. In the gaseous state, also known as water vapor, molecules are not closely compacted but are rather spread out due to the high kinetic energy that overcomes intermolecular forces.
Thus, evaluating the options:
- A) Incorrect - In ice, the molecules are not widely spaced but are arranged in a structured lattice.
- B) Correct - In liquid water, molecules are relatively closely packed.
- C) Incorrect - In the gas state, water molecules are not closely compact but spread apart.
- D) Correct - In ice, the water molecules are arranged in a structured, though less dense, lattice.
It is essential to recognize that the density of water varies based on its state and temperature, with liquid water having a higher density at approximately 4°C, while ice has its maximum hydrogen bonding at 0°C, resulting in a lesser density than liquid water.