Final answer:
Roman imperialism transformed the republic by increasing the power of the Senate and army, widening economic disparities between the rich and poor, and promoting large-scale agriculture with slave labor, which negatively affected small farmers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roman imperialism had complex impacts on the republic, which include a) Senate and army increasing in power, b) widening economic disparities leading to the rich becoming richer and the poor poorer, and e) large estates, or latifundia, which were managed by slaves, enhancing agricultural productivity but also displacing small-scale farmers. The Roman army transitioned from consisting of citizen-soldiers, who were also farmers, to career soldiers who were loyal to their generals and promised rewards.
This change, along with the acquisition of vast wealth by Roman elites from military campaigns and the establishment of latifundia, exacerbated the differences in wealth and power within Roman society.
The Senate, having once played a considerable role in administration, by the late Republic acted more like an aristocratic 'city council' with a weakened influence on important state decisions. The elite controlled the majority of wealth and power, using their influence over the government to maintain low taxes on their property while provinces were heavily taxed. As the rich amassed more land, many small farmers were either coerced into selling their land or were overtaken by force, further increasing the number of landless proletariats.