Final answer:
Wave 3 and Wave 4 are the outcomes of Amir's observation of two waves crashing into each other, with Wave 3 likely being a product of destructive interference and Wave 4 resulting from constructive interference.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with the concept of wave interference in physics, specifically concerning the outcomes observed when two waves collide at different intervals, producing new waves commonly referred to as Wave 3 and Wave 4. Based on the descriptions provided, Wave 3 can be assumed to have resulted from destructive interference, which occurs when two waves that are out of phase with each other combine to produce a wave with a lower amplitude or even cancel each other out. Conversely, Wave 4 is likely a result of constructive interference, where two in-phase waves combine and the resulting wave has a larger amplitude.
When identical waves interfere constructively (in phase), their amplitudes add up to produce a wave with a larger amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when identical waves are out of phase (shifted by half a wavelength) and, in pure destructive interference, can lead to the cancellation of each other, yielding zero amplitude.
The appropriate statement concerning the data collected from Amir's observation is most likely option A: Wave 3 resulted from destructive interference, and Wave 4 resulted from constructive interference.