Final answer:
High tariffs imposed by Congress after the Civil War had several effects, including retaliation from European countries, higher prices for manufactured goods, and a shift in the cotton market.
Step-by-step explanation:
An effect of the high tariffs that Congress placed on imported goods after the Civil War was retaliation from European countries. When the taxes on foreign imports were raised, Europeans responded by imposing their own tariffs on American exports such as cotton and tobacco. This had a negative impact on the Southern states, as they were heavily reliant on these products for their economy.
Additionally, the high tariffs resulted in higher prices for manufactured goods, which affected consumers across the country. Most US factories were located in the North, so Southerners and Westerners did not benefit from the tariffs and had to pay more for manufactured goods.Lastly, the high tariffs led to a shift in the market for cotton. Britain started to rely more on cotton produced in its own colonies, like India, rather than importing from the US, as these colonies were exempt from the import taxes.