Question

Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph to correctly identify four principles of the second law of thermodynamics.

Heat naturally flows from an object that has a _______________ temperature to an object that has a _______________ temperature. Heat can be made to flow in the reverse direction if _______________ is done. A machine can never have an efficiency of _______________. This means that heat energy can never be fully converted into _______________ energy.
A. Higher, lower, work, 100%
B. Lower, higher, heat, 100%
C. Lower, higher, work, 0%
D. Higher, lower, heat, 0%

Answer 1

The four principles of the second law of thermodynamics are: heat transfer, work, machine efficiency, and heat-to-work conversion.

Step-by-step explanation:

The principles of the second law of thermodynamics can be identified as follows:

1. Heat naturally flows from an object that has a higher temperature to an object that has a lower temperature. This is known as the principle of heat transfer.

2. Heat can be made to flow in the reverse direction if work is done. This is known as the principle of work.

3. A machine can never have an efficiency of 100%. This means that some heat energy will always be lost as waste.

4. Heat energy can never be fully converted into work energy. This is due to the inevitable production of waste heat in any process.