Final answer:
The resulting ion would have 38 protons, making it a cation with a charge of +2.
Step-by-step explanation:
An atom with an atomic number of 38 loses two electrons to become an ion. The resulting ion would have 38 protons, making it a cation. The charge of the resulting ion would be +2. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 38 protons, cation, +2.