Final answer:
The correct order from top to bottom considering densities is Ethyl alcohol, Mercury, and Lead. Substances are classified as white wine (homogeneous mixture), mercury (element), ranch-style salad dressing (heterogeneous mixture), and table sugar (compound). Alcohol names are based on the IUPAC nomenclature.
Step-by-step explanation:
Identification of Substances by Their Properties
To identify the substance in each layer, we consider the densities of the given substances. Mercury (Hg) is very dense and would settle at the bottom, lead (Pb), being a solid but less dense than mercury, would be on top of it, and ethyl alcohol being the least dense would form the top layer. So, the correct order based on densities (from top to bottom) would be ethyl alcohol after the bottom layers, the bottom layer of lead, and in the middle layer of mercury. The answer, therefore, is: Top layer: Ethyl alcohol, Middle layer: Mercury, Bottom layer: Lead (B).
Now, let's classify some substances into compounds, elements, heterogeneous mixtures, or homogeneous mixtures:
- White wine is a homogeneous mixture (solution) because it is a blend of various substances that are evenly distributed.
- Mercury is an element, as it is a pure substance composed of atoms of the same type.
- Ranch-style salad dressing is a heterogeneous mixture since it contains parts that are not uniformly mixed and can be visually distinguished.
- Table sugar (sucrose) is a compound because it is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
As for the alcohols named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the name of an alcohol derives from its parent hydrocarbon replacing the final -e with -ol and indicating the carbon atom bonded to the -OH group with a number. Therefore, alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol are classified based on this nomenclature.