Question

Select the correct functional groups for each of the following molecules (Every molecule contains more than one functional group). Use each of the following terms: Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, amide, lactam, lactone, anhydride, amines, ether, imines.

Answer 1

Functional groups identify key reactive features in molecules; glucose has an aldehyde group, fructose a ketone group, and both have multiple alcohol groups, making them polyols.

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding the correct functional groups for different molecules is essential in organic chemistry. The six-carbon sugar molecules glucose and fructose serve as examples where each contains distinctive functional groups. Glucose includes an aldehyde group, while fructose has a ketone group. Additionally, both these sugars contain five alcohol groups, which qualifies them as polyols.

Aldehydes have the functional group -CHO, with the carbonyl carbon bonded to a hydrogen and a carbon, whereas ketones have the -CO- group, with the carbonyl carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms. A molecule could also feature other functional groups like carboxylic acid (-CO₂H), ester (-CO₂R), amide, lactam, lactone, anhydride, amines, ether, and imines, depending on its structure.