Final answer:
The incorrect statement about the Roman Republic is it being a direct democracy governed by all citizens, as it was actually a representative democracy with elected officials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is NOT true of the Roman Republic is: d) The Roman Republic was a direct democracy governed by all citizens. This statement is incorrect because the Roman Republic was not a direct democracy; instead, it was a complex form of representative democracy where citizens elected officials to represent them. The Roman Republic was largely ruled by elected magistrates and the Senate, with society being divided into patricians and plebeians. Though plebeians achieved significant gains in equality over time, the assertion that they largely ruled is also misleading. The patrician class initially held most of the power, with plebeians only gradually earning rights to political participation and public office. The Roman Republic did indeed defeat the armies of Carthage in the Punic Wars, and Roman citizens (though not all inhabitants of Rome) had voting rights.