Final answer:
Aircraft get air supply through aerodynamic lift created by wings using Bernoulli's principle, engine thrust from piston or turbofan engines, and technological advancements in materials and electronics for efficient performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three primary ways that aircraft get air supply for lift and propulsion involve aerodynamic principles and engine technology. Helicopters create lift by pushing air downwards, experiencing an upward reaction force, while birds and planes exert force on the air in the opposite direction needed, such as downward and backward, to achieve both lift and forward movement.
These methods are similar to how wings on an airplane work, using Bernoulli's principle and the conservation of momentum for lift.
Technological advancement in aircraft also includes power generation through engines. Traditional gasoline-powered piston engines and later, more efficient turbofan jet engines provide the necessary thrust. Alongside engines, the development of lightweight construction materials and advanced electronics have significantly enhanced the performance and efficiency of airplanes.
Lastly, wings and sails embody aerodynamic principles to generate lift and propulsion. An airplane wing's design accelerates air over the top surface, reducing pressure and producing lift through Bernoulli's principle and momentum conservation. Similarly, sail shape and orientation can manipulate wind force to move a sailboat effectively in the desired direction.