Final answer:
Topical emollient agents, or moisturizers, function to protect, moisturize, and lubricate the skin, containing ingredients like water, occlusives, and humectants. Corticosteroid creams with hydrocortisone are used for their anti-inflammatory properties, addressing symptoms rather than causes of skin conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Topical emollient agents, also known as moisturizers, serve the function of protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin. These agents usually consist of four main ingredients: water, oil, emulsifier, and thickening agent. The water in the formula acts as a temporary hydration agent, allowing for the absorption of active ingredients and the evaporation of the moisturizer. Occlusives, such as petrolatum and mineral oils, form a barrier on the skin to keep moisture from escaping, while humectants, like glycerin, draw water into the skin.In a moisturizing cream, you would expect to find substances like mineral oils, petrolatum, cetyl alcohol, and humectants which provide the cream with its soothing and moisturizing properties. Corticosteroid creams, such as those containing hydrocortisone, may also be used when inflammation or itching is present, as they can reduce the production of histamine, which is responsible for inflammatory responses. However, it's important to note that they generally treat the symptoms rather than the cause of skin conditions.