Final answer:
The kidneys may move 1 to 2 cm when changing from recumbent to erect position due to gravity's effect on the loosely tethered organs. They are well protected in the retroperitoneal space, ensuring minimal risk during such positional changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When changing the patient position from recumbent to the erect position, the kidneys may move approximately 1 to 2 cm. The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space, which means they are situated behind the peritoneum and against the posterior abdominal wall. This location offers them some protection and stability as they are surrounded by adipose tissue, covered by a fibrous capsule, and embedded within a layer of renal fascia. The physical shift that occurs when a patient stands up is due to the effects of gravity on the loosely tethered organs and is normally within a safe range, so there is minimal risk of injury or functional impairment to the kidneys during such movement.