Final answer:
Normal end systolic volume (ESV) in adults ranges from 50 to 60 mL. ESV is a critical measure of heart function and is involved in the calculation of stroke volume. Deviations from normal ESV, such as mild or severe dilation, can indicate heart problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The end systolic volume (ESV) is the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle of the heart after the contraction phase (systole). During the ventricular ejection phase of systole, blood is pumped from the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. As a result, the normal ESV for a healthy adult ranges typically from 50-60 mL. Mild or severe dilation refers to changes in this volume, indicating potential heart dysfunction. Dilation can suggest that the ventricle is not expelling as much blood as it should, possibly due to weakened cardiac muscle or other factors. Stroke volume (SV), another important measure, is calculated as the difference between end diastolic volume (EDV) and ESV; typical SV values range from 55-100 mL in a resting individual.