Final answer:
Anemia is a disease commonly seen in adolescent females characterized by iron deficiency. It is caused by inadequate red blood cell volume due to insufficient iron intake or absorption, affecting the blood's capacity to carry oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common disease seen in adolescent females characterized by iron deficiency is Anemia. Anemia is a disorder where there is an inadequate volume of red blood cells in the blood, leading to a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity. This condition is often seen in women of childbearing age and can result from blood loss during menstruation. Adequate dietary iron intake, or when necessary, taking iron supplements can help prevent or treat iron deficiency anemia.
In the United States, around 20% of women of childbearing age have iron-deficiency anemia. It is important to note that anemia has many possible causes including excessive bleeding, inherited disorders, or nutritional deficiencies like iron, folate, or vitamin B12. Iron deficiency anemia specifically involves a shortfall of iron which is needed for the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin.