Answer
The chemical formula(s) are:
Carbonic acid is H₂CO₃
Bicarbonate is HCO₃⁻
Carbonate is CO₃²⁻ and
Calcium carbonate is CaCO₃
The chemical reaction that produces each of these molecules are:
CO₂ + H₂O ⇄ H₂CO₃ ⇄ HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ CO₃²⁻ + H⁺
Ca²⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → CaCO₃
Step-by-step explanation
Chemical name Chemical formula
Carbonic acid H₂CO₃
Bicarbonate HCO₃⁻
Carbonate CO₃²⁻
Calcium carbonate CaCO₃
Carbonic acid, (H₂CO₃) is a compound formed in small amounts when its anhydride, carbon dioxide (CO₂), dissolves in water.
Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound.
H₂CO₃, HCO₃⁻, and CO₃²⁻ can be formed as shown in the chemical equation below.
CO₂ + H₂O ⇄ H₂CO₃ ⇄ HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ CO₃²⁻ + H⁺
In the presence of a calcium ion, (Ca²⁺) from hard water, carbonate, (CO₃²⁻) will combine with it to form calcium carbonate.
Ca²⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → CaCO₃