Final answer:
To minimize infection and hemorrhage risks in newborns, the umbilical cord is cut and clamped immediately after birth, and proper care is taken to keep the area clean and dry. Applying an antiseptic solution may be recommended, while handling such as using soap and water is not advised.
Step-by-step explanation:
The risk of infection and hemorrhage in newborns related to the umbilical cord is minimized through proper care post-delivery. After the baby is born, the obstetrician will aspirate mucus from the infant's mouth and nose. As part of the childbirth process, the umbilical cord is immediately double-clamped, and a cut is made between the clamps, which detaches the newborn from the placenta.
Following this procedure, the leftover umbilical stub will naturally dry out, wither, and fall off, typically within three weeks, leaving behind the navel. To prevent infection, it is often recommended to keep the area clean and dry; applying an antiseptic solution might be advised depending on healthcare guidelines. It is not advisable to leave the umbilical cord untouched or to clean it with plain soap and water, as inappropriate handling can increase the risk of infection. Additionally, immediate removal of the umbilical cord after birth is vital to prevent continued circulation via the cord, which could complicate the newborn's transition to independent breathing and circulation.