Final answer:
Systemic diseases involving the kidneys with low serum complement include subacute bacterial endocarditis and 'Shunt' nephritis. Conditions like Goodpasture's Syndrome, while an autoimmune kidney disease, are not typically associated with low serum complement. Hepatorenal syndrome, vascular issues, and systematic infections also impact renal health but may present differently regarding serum complement levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Systemic diseases that have renal involvement and are associated with low serum complement levels include conditions that can lead to glomerulonephritis, where immune complexes deposit in the kidneys, causing damage and inflammation. A well-known example is subacute bacterial endocarditis, which has a high percentage of renal involvement due to the formation and deposition of immune complexes. Another example, not traditionally associated with low serum complement, is Goodpasture's Syndrome, an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the glomerular basement membrane. Lastly, 'Shunt' nephritis, commonly arising from infections associated with ventriculoatrial or ventriculoperitoneal shunts, shares a high likelihood for renal involvement and typically presents with low serum complement levels.
Other systemic conditions involve the kidneys in varying mechanisms. Hepatorenal syndrome compromises renal perfusion as a consequence of liver failure. Atheroembolic disease and renal vein thrombosis can be linked to vascular problems impacting the kidneys. Systemic infections, such as sepsis, can incite a systemic inflammatory response leading to renal issues.
Immune complex disease is a common theme in cases with low serum complement and can be seen in different forms, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. These conditions can also present with renal manifestations, further illustrating the complex interplay between systemic illness and renal pathology.