Final answer:
The U.S. Supreme Court in Boumediene v. Bush ruled that foreign terror suspects at Guantánamo Bay have the right to challenge their detention in U.S. courts, striking down the Military Commissions Act of 2006 which had removed that right.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Boumediene v. Bush, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that foreign terrorism suspects held at Guantánamo Bay have the constitutional right to challenge their detention in United States courts. The 2008 decision asserted that the detainees were entitled to the right of habeas corpus to contest their detention before a neutral decision maker. This landmark ruling came about after Congress passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006, which had stripped federal courts' jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus applications from individuals designated as enemy combatants. The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 vote, found the Military Commissions Act unconstitutional, restoring habeas corpus rights to the detainees.
Previously, in 2004 and 2006, the Supreme Court had dealt with related issues in Rasul v. Bush and Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, determining the scope of judicial oversight over foreign nationals detained at Guantánamo Bay and the legality of military commissions respectively. These rulings, alongside Boumediene v. Bush, were part of a series of judicial challenges to the executive actions taken in the war on terror that reshaped the legal landscape regarding the detention and trial of enemy combatants.