Final answer:
To adjust backlash and carrier bearing preload on an integral differential, the lateral position of the carrier bearings is adjusted using shims.
Step-by-step explanation:
Backlash is the amount of play between the ring and pinion gears. To adjust backlash, the position of the ring gear relative to the pinion is changed by adjusting the lateral position of the differential carrier bearings. This is done by using shims or adjuster nuts, depending on the differential design.
Carrier bearing preload is adjusted by tightening or loosening the adjuster nuts or shims to apply the correct amount of force onto the bearings, ensuring there is no excessive play or tightness that could lead to bearing failure.
These adjustments require precision and should be done according to the manufacturer's specifications, utilizing proper tools like a torque wrench and dial indicator to measure backlash and bearing preload.