Final answer:
In a healthcare setting, the transmission of Hepatitis B (HBV) can be reduced by taking proper precautions and using post-exposure treatment. Vaccination is also available to prevent infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exposure to Hepatitis B (HBV) can occur through contact with infected blood or body fluids, such as semen or saliva. It can happen through skin puncture, across the placenta, or mucosal contact. However, it is not spread through casual contact like hugging, hand holding, sneezing, or coughing. In a healthcare setting, the transmission of HBV can be reduced by taking proper precautions such as using gloves and face protection, using disposable syringes and needles, washing exposed skin with soap and water, and disinfecting surfaces with a 10% bleach solution.
In the event of exposure to HBV from an infected patient, post-exposure treatment may be used, including vaccination and treatment with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). Vaccination is also available to prevent HBV infection, which is recommended for children and adults at greater risk for infection.