Final answer:
The first step of proper braking technique when descending a steep grade is to put the engine in the proper low gear for engine braking, which helps manage speed and prevent brake overheating.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step of proper braking technique when going down a steep downgrade is to put the engine in the proper low gear.
This proactive step helps control the vehicle's speed by using engine braking, which reduces reliance on the brakes themselves and prevents them from overheating and potentially failing. When you drive and come to a stop, easing up on the brake pedal prevents the car from stopping abruptly due to the transition from kinetic friction to static friction.
During the entire descent, it's important to manage the energy transformation from the car's potential energy to kinetic energy, and use the engine's resistance to aid in deceleration, which is safer and more efficient.
In terms of energy transformation, while coasting down a hill, a car is converting its potential energy into kinetic energy. If the brakes are applied continuously, this kinetic energy would be converted into heat, warming up the brakes. Utilizing engine braking helps manage this energy transition more effectively, thereby reducing the risk of brake fade from overheating.