Final answer:
Chronic ischemic heart disease arises from atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, potentially causing angina or heart attacks. Lifestyle factors and underlying health conditions contribute to the development of this disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic ischemic heart disease results from the long-term reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle, most often caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque—a combination of cholesterol, fatty materials, and other substances—that leads to the narrowing and hardening of arteries. This process restricts blood flow, causing ischemia and consequent hypoxia (insufficient oxygen) to the heart tissue. Over time, this can lead to symptoms like angina pectoris or even serious conditions like myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis and chronic ischemic heart disease include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of physical activity, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Prevention and treatment strategies involve lifestyle modifications, medication to manage risk factors, and in some cases, surgical interventions to restore proper blood flow.