Final answer:
The two major types of medications for Alzheimer's disease are cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. Cholinesterase inhibitors work by increasing acetylcholine neurotransmission, while memantine regulates glutamate activity. Side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors include nausea and vomiting, while memantine may cause dizziness and confusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are two major types of medications commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease: cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine.
Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, work by increasing acetylcholine neurotransmission in the brain. These medications inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, which helps to improve cognitive function and slow the progression of symptoms.
Memantine, on the other hand, works by regulating the activity of another neurotransmitter called glutamate. Glutamate plays a role in learning and memory, and excessive levels of this neurotransmitter can be toxic to brain cells. Memantine helps to regulate glutamate levels, improving cognitive function and reducing symptoms.
Common side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Memantine side effects may include dizziness, headache, confusion, and constipation.