Final answer:
The type of emphysema described is a chronic lung disease marked by mucus on the bronchiole, enlarged alveoli, and fewer capillaries, often due to smoking, which leads to decreased gas exchange and trapped air in the lungs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of emphysema that displays changes such as mucus on bronchiole, enlarged alveoli, and fewer capillaries is a chronic lung disease often associated with smoking. This disease is characterized by the breakdown of lung tissue, specifically the alveolar walls, which leads to a decrease in gas exchange efficiency. This condition results in the trapping of air within the lungs because the patient can no longer fully exhale, leading to low oxygen levels and excessive carbon dioxide in the blood. Obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema, reduces the lung's capacity to exhale air fully and is not reversible once the damage to the alveoli occurs.