Question

The color red is paired with a loud noise over several trials. The color red is then paired with a tone. Afterwards, the color red is again paired with the loud noise. This is an example of:

1) stimulus generalization
2) pseudoconditioning
3) higher-order conditioning
4) simultaneous conditioning

Answer 1

The scenario described is an example of higher-order conditioning. In this process, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, leading to the new stimulus also eliciting the conditioned response. Hence the correct answer is option 3

Step-by-step explanation:

The scenario described is an example of higher-order conditioning. In this process, an established conditioned stimulus (in this case, the color red) is paired with a new neutral stimulus (the tone), leading to the new stimulus (the tone) also eliciting the conditioned response (the loud noise). This is a higher order of conditioning because the initial conditioned stimulus (the color red) is not directly paired with the unconditioned stimulus (the loud noise) in this trial.

Hence the correct answer is option 3