Final answer:
Law enforcement officers usually have authority to make arrests within their geographic jurisdiction only. State police have authority statewide while local and county police's authority is limited to their designated area. Federal officers have jurisdiction on a federal level and enforce specific federal laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
Typically, a law enforcement officer is authorized to make arrests within the geographic area of their jurisdiction. State police can enforce laws statewide, including highway traffic regulations, while local or county police have authority limited to their specific area. Special circumstances allow for arrests outside of their jurisdiction, such as those involving hot pursuit or mutual aid agreements between jurisdictions.
In contrast, federal officers from agencies like the FBI, ATF, or DHS have jurisdiction over federal matters across states. They must have probable cause to make a warrantless arrest, and this applies regardless of their geographic location. However, they typically focus on more specific federal issues, not local law enforcement matters.
Interrogating individuals without informating them of their rights could violate the Fifth Amendment protections against self-incrimination. On the state level, individual officers might overstep their authority, but they are required to adhere to constitutional standards, including respecting individuals' rights during encounters such as traffic stops or while questioning citizenship without evidence of a crime.