Final answer:
False. Imprisonment is not an element of first-degree murder, but rather a potential consequence or punishment for the crime.
Step-by-step explanation:
False. In the context of first-degree murder, imprisonment is not considered an element of the crime. First-degree murder refers to the intentional and premeditated killing of another person. Imprisonment, on the other hand, is a potential consequence or punishment for the crime of first-degree murder. The decision to impose imprisonment as a punishment is made during the sentencing phase of a criminal trial, after the defendant has been found guilty of first-degree murder.
For example, let's consider the case of John, who planned and carried out the murder of his business partner. If John is found guilty of first-degree murder, he may be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole or even face the death penalty, depending on the jurisdiction and circumstances of the case. However, imprisonment itself is not an element of the crime of first-degree murder.
Imprisonment is a potential punishment for first-degree murder, not an element of the crime itself. Women can be executed for capital crimes in the United States. The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty cannot be applied to individuals who were under 18 at the time of their crime.
Imprisonment is not an element of first-degree murder; rather, it is a potential punishment that can be imposed after a person has been convicted of first-degree murder. The elements of first-degree murder include premeditation, malice aforethought, and the unlawful killing of another person. Once someone is convicted, the sentencing phase determines the appropriate punishment, which could be imprisonment, life imprisonment without parole, or even the death penalty, depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the crime.
Regarding your second question, it is not universally true that women who commit capital crimes are exempt from execution. While some jurisdictions may have different practices, in the United States, women can and have been executed for capital crimes. However, historical context and societal norms have sometimes made it less likely for women to receive the death penalty. Proffitt v. Florida established that comparing aggravating and mitigating factors is essential in determining whether the death penalty is an appropriate sentence.
Lastly, concerning the Supreme Court's stance on the death penalty, the correct option is (d): the death penalty may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime, as established in Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005).