Final answer:
The most common wood framing construction method today is platform framing, which involves the use of spaced structural studs in a horizontal arrangement. It has largely replaced older methods such as pier and beam construction due to its efficiency and adaptability in modern building designs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common wood framing construction method today is known as platform framing, also sometimes referred to as stick framing. This technique involves erecting a frame made up of structural studs that are generally made of 2x4 or 2x6 lumber, which are systematically spaced according to building codes, generally 16 or 24 inches apart. Each level of the building is constructed as a separate platform, with the floor platform of each story used as the base for constructing the walls for the next story. Platform framing has become widely adopted due to its efficiency, economy, and ability to be constructed quickly.
Prior to platform framing, other methods such as pier and beam construction and post-and-lintel systems were commonly used. Pier and beam construction is notable for elevating the floor above the ground, which allows for airflow underneath and protects the timber from elements like moisture and termites. While these methods are still used in specific contexts, platform framing's versatility and compatibility with modern building designs have made it the preferred choice for the majority of new home construction.
Historically, there have been many different approaches to wood framing construction. From the early post-in-ground, or poteaux en terre, used to create vertical timber-supported walls, to the use of bousillage—a mixture of dried mud and organic materials—to fill wall cavities in French folk houses, the evolution of framing techniques reflects a diversity of architectural solutions to the challenges of erecting structures across different environments.