Final answer:
The gonads, comprising ovaries in females and testes in males, are responsible for producing gametes and secreting sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, which are essential for sexual development and reproduction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The functions of the gonads, which include the ovaries in females and testes in males, are crucial for the reproductive system. These organs are responsible for the production and storage of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females), and for secreting sex hormones. In males, the testes produce testosterone, and in females, the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate sexual maturation during puberty, the production of gametes by the gonads, and they mediate sexual motivation and behavior. Additionally, sex hormones are involved in the development of sex organs before birth and in reproduction throughout the adult life.