Final answer:
To stop a vehicle without ABS suddenly, use threshold braking, applying the brakes firmly without locking the wheels, and ease up if they begin to lock. Understanding the difference between static and kinetic friction helps control the vehicle during a stop.
Step-by-step explanation:
If your vehicle is not equipped with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), and you need to stop suddenly, you should apply the brakes firmly but without locking the wheels. If the wheels lock up, you may lose steering control. Instead, use a technique known as threshold braking. This involves applying the maximum pressure on the brake pedal without causing the wheels to lock. If you sense the wheels are about to lock, ease up slightly on the brake until you regain some traction and then reapply the brakes firmly. Understanding the relationship between static and kinetic friction is essential here; static friction (the friction force before the tire starts to skid) is what keeps the car moving uniformly with the ground, whereas kinetic friction (the friction force while the tire is sliding) is generally less and can lead to loss of control.
In terms of static and kinetic friction, when coming to a stop with the brake pedal fully depressed, the wheel may lock and the car will experience kinetic friction, which can cause a skid. To prevent this, easing off the brake pedal slightly can allow the tires to roll and static friction to be re-established, giving you more control and a smoother stop.