Final answer:
Acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia is diagnosed through clinical assessment and laboratory tests, such as a positive Coombs test. Treatment usually involves immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs, and in severe cases, steroids, IVIG, or other immunosuppressive therapies may be required along with supportive care.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagnosis of acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia typically involves clinical assessment and laboratory tests to identify hemolysis and its autoimmune origin. Test results may show anemia, jaundice, a positive Coombs test, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Treatment often starts with immunosuppressive drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage the immune response and reduce inflammation.
In more severe cases, high-dose steroids, such as prednisone, are used. For critical situations, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) or immunosuppressive therapies like rituximab may be administered. In emergencies, plasmapheresis can remove antibodies from the blood. Supportive care, including transfusions, may also be essential but must be undertaken cautiously due to the risk of further hemolysis.