Final answer:
The presence of both white and red blood cells in the urine following catheterization could suggest atheroembolic renal disease, acute interstitial nephritis, hydronephrosis, or a urinary tract infection (UTI), all of which can cause acute kidney injury. Option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Possible Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Post-Catheterization: After a catheterization procedure leads to acute kidney injury, the presence of both white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in a urine analysis can indicate various conditions. One possible cause is atheroembolic renal disease, which can occur when cholesterol plaques break away and block renal blood vessels. Another potential cause is acute interstitial nephritis, a condition often caused by an allergic reaction to medications that leads to kidney inflammation and can result in the presence of WBCs and RBCs in the urine. Hydronephrosis, the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, may also cause these findings, often due to obstruction such as kidney stones. Lastly, the combination of WBCs and RBCs in the urine is a strong indicator of a urinary tract infection (UTI) option 4, which can be exacerbated by catheterization and can contribute to kidney injury.
Each of these conditions requires specific diagnostic approaches and management strategies to address the underlying problem and mitigate the risk of further kidney damage.