Final answer:
The Han Dynasty improved public welfare by providing famine relief, seed grain, land grants, and public assistance to various vulnerable groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
To improve public welfare during the Han Dynasty, A (the Han state) implemented various measures. These included public assistance such as concessions of salaries to public functionaries, with the aim of supporting small working families and mitigating the effects of famine by providing seed grain and famine relief.
Furthermore, the government facilitated land grants for dispossessed villagers and offered public assistance to war widows, invalids, orphans, and the indigent.
In addition to economic measures, the Han Dynasty emphasized the importance of agriculture through symbolic rituals like the emperor's spring plowing ceremony and respected productive farmers by granting them rank within society and privileges such as traveling on the exclusive central lane of highways, which was typically reserved for the emperor.
Local magistrates played a role in managing public markets to ensure farmers could sell their surplus and procure necessary goods like salt, oil, and iron tools.
To address the specific question of what A did to improve public welfare, it is clear that the Han government's actions were multifaceted, addressing both immediate needs like famine relief and longer-term structural improvements like market management and agrarian support.
They also honored and supported agriculture through symbolic rituals and market management, ensuring farmers could sell surplus goods and buy essentials.